11/7/2023 0 Comments Knee compartments chondromalaciaconsidered this pathological phenomenon as CMP. firstly reported the pathological changes of patellar cartilage, and then Kelly et al. The initial pathological change in CMP is that the cartilage becomes dull or even slightly yellowish-white, and turns soft, swollen and edema in the early stage, Characteristically, the lesion is usually in the middle of the medial patellar facet, or just distal to that point, and is about half an inch or more in diameter, and followed by the fibrillation, fissure, fragmentation, or erosion of the cartilage at the advanced stage. The normal appearance of the patellar hyaline cartilage is bluish-white, smooth, glistening, and resilient. The thickness and integrity of the covered hyaline cartilage determine the health of the patella. Sometimes, it is also called a catch-all phrase to describe PF pain with or without documented chondral abnormality. CMP, also known as runner’s knee, is a common cause of AKP among young people, especially young women who love sports, and is characterized by AKP that is associated with visible changes in patellar cartilage. Among the most common PF disorders leading to AKP are chondromalacia patellae (CMP), lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS), and osteoarthritis (OA). PF disorders commonly cause AKP and giving way, which is usually aggravated by squatting, running, stair climbing and, other activities. Anterior knee pain (AKP) is usually focused on TF disorders, while PF has rarely been concerned. The knee joint is a tricompartmental structure comprising the patellofemoral (PF) joint and medial and lateral tibiofemoral (TF) joints. In this short review, etiology, MRI diagnosis, and treatment in CMP, especially the treatment of the cell-based therapies, are reviewed. The mechanism of MSC injection remains further clinical investigation and is tremendously promising for CMP treatment. Intra-articular injections of variously sourced MSC are found safe and beneficial for treating CMP with improved clinical parameters, less invasiveness, symptomatic relief, and reduced inflammation. Various efforts including cell therapy and tissue emerge for cartilage regeneration exhibit as the promising regime, especially in the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, researchers have been focused on cartilage-targeted therapy. Modalities are conventionally proposed to treat cartilage lesions in the PF joint, but none have emerged as a gold standard, neither to alleviated symptoms and function nor to prevent OA degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic method, which holds a promise in having the unique ability to potentially identify cartilage lesions. Additionally, radiological examinations are also necessary for diagnosis. Quadriceps wasting, patellofemoral crepitus, and effusion are obvious clinical indications. CMP may be reversible or may progress to develop patellofemoral osteoarthritis. CMP is caused by several factors, including trauma, increased cartilage vulnerability, patellofemoral instability, bony anatomic variations, abnormal patellar kinematics, and occupation hazards. The initial pathological changes include cartilage softening, swelling, and edema. Chondromalacia patellae (CMP), also known as runner’s knee, typically occurs in young patients, which is characterized by anterior knee pain (AKP) that is associated with visible changes in patellar cartilage.
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